新聞動態 輕(qing)工行業(ye)防爆(bao)概(gai)述及特點

輕工業(ye)(ye)是我國(guo)工業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成部分。輕工業(ye)(ye)以生(sheng)產人們生(sheng)活所必須的(de)(de)日(ri)用(yong)品(pin)(pin)、日(ri)用(yong)器具、日(ri)用(yong)電器、日(ri)用(yong)機械(xie)為主導產品(pin)(pin)。其(qi)歷史悠久，發(fa)展迅速，是我國(guo)工業(ye)(ye)一(yi)(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)。輕工由于存在(zai)設備落后、發(fa)展快(kuai)、使用(yong)危險物品(pin)(pin)多(duo)而(er)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)管理(li)弱的(de)(de)問題，曾經一(yi)(yi)度爆炸事故多(duo)發(fa)。為了做好輕工行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)防(fang)爆工作，必須掌握(wo)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)特(te)點，針(zhen)對行(xing)業(ye)(ye)特(te)點，采用(yong)通(tong)用(yong)與專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)結合(he)(he)、消除與防(fang)護結合(he)(he)、一(yi)(yi)般防(fang)范(fan)與重(zhong)點控制結合(he)(he)的(de)(de)方法(fa)，有效地實施防(fang)爆技術措(cuo)施和防(fang)爆管理(li)措(cuo)施。

輕(qing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)行業(ye)(ye)多樣，產(chan)品繁多，工(gong)藝技術差別大，裝備(bei)水平高低懸(xuan)殊。輕(qing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)又存在著產(chan)品同期短(duan)、工(gong)藝和裝備(bei)變化快(kuai)，適應市場能力強的特征(zheng)。輕(qing)工(gong)行業(ye)(ye)防爆受其行業(ye)(ye)性質的影(ying)響(xiang)至少有4個特點。

1．涉及專業范圍廣

輕(qing)工行(xing)業(ye)(ye)防爆技術涉及專業(ye)(ye)范圍廣泛(fan)。總(zong)體(ti)講(jiang)可分兩方面(mian)。

①工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)與其(qi)他(ta)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)性(xing)質相同，需(xu)借用相應行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)同時，注重輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)個(ge)性(xing)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)技(ji)術(shu)。如(ru)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、摩托車(che)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、縫(feng)紉機(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、鐘手表(biao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、打字(zi)機(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、照相機(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)及日(ri)用五(wu)金、量具工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具、輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)械(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)屬(shu)機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，應用機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)技(ji)術(shu)，而清洗工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、噴(pen)涂工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、熱(re)處理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)又需(xu)采取針對(dui)性(xing)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)措施(shi)。香料生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、合(he)成(cheng)脂肪酸(suan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、三(san)聚磷酸(suan)鈉(na)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、烷基(ji)苯(ben)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、硬脂酸(suan)以及化(hua)妝品、牙膏、肥皂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)屬(shu)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。味精、糖(tang)果、罐(guan)頭、糕(gao)點、面包、餅干(gan)、方便面與糧(liang)食(shi)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)相近。卷煙(yan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)歸屬(shu)于煙(yan)草行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)等，也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)注重不同要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)特點。

②輕工行業特有生產(chan)、工藝，在采取專(zhuan)業性防(fang)爆(bao)技術的(de)(de)同時(shi)，要注意執(zhi)行通用易燃易爆(bao)物質使(shi)用、儲存的(de)(de)各種標準。如(ru)火柴生產(chan)防(fang)爆(bao)，酒(jiu)類、酒(jiu)精生產(chan)防(fang)爆(bao)，油墨生產(chan)防(fang)爆(bao)，乒乓球生產(chan)防(fang)爆(bao)，印刷、造紙、感(gan)光(guang)膠片(pian)、皮革、玻璃、燈(deng)具生產(chan)的(de)(de)防(fang)爆(bao)有著明顯(xian)的(de)(de)輕工特點(dian)。而(er)又大(da)量(liang)使(shi)用壓力容(rong)器(qi)、鍋爐和石油氣、煤氣、氫氣、氧氣、乙炔(gui)氣等，必須(xu)采用相(xiang)應的(de)(de)防(fang)爆(bao)技術。

2．生產工藝差別大

輕(qing)(qing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)的多(duo)類別、多(duo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品決定了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)差別大，生產(chan)(chan)(chan)規(gui)(gui)模懸殊。如日用化學生產(chan)(chan)(chan)、玻(bo)璃生產(chan)(chan)(chan)、感光膠片生產(chan)(chan)(chan)、造紙、印刷業(ye)(ye)(ye)突出著(zhu)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的連續性(xing)。鐘手表、照相機、量(liang)具生產(chan)(chan)(chan)體現著(zhu)技術密集性(xing)。化妝(zhuang)品類、食品類、家(jia)具類、玩具類等大多(duo)數輕(qing)(qing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)屬于勞力密集性(xing)。另外，各種不同的工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)形成企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的規(gui)(gui)模亦大小(xiao)不等，上萬名(ming)(ming)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的大型企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，數干名(ming)(ming)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的中型企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，幾十名(ming)(ming)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在防爆技術上都有各自的特點(dian)。

3．爆炸源點分布廣

輕工企(qi)業小企(qi)業多(duo)，數量(liang)多(duo)，廣泛分(fen)布全國各地，所有的(de)輕工企(qi)業都大(da)小不同(tong)程(cheng)度地存(cun)在著爆炸危險性。

對(dui)一(yi)個企業(ye)(ye)講，爆炸(zha)(zha)源(yuan)點分布差(cha)別很(hen)大，火柴、油墨(mo)、香料等生產企業(ye)(ye)爆炸(zha)(zha)源(yuan)點遍布全廠。而(er)食品(pin)、紙制(zhi)品(pin)、制(zhi)筆等企業(ye)(ye)只有(you)少(shao)量集中(zhong)的可爆炸(zha)(zha)源(yuan)點。當然(ran)，危險性大的企業(ye)(ye)因(yin)其管理嚴(yan)格(ge)，有(you)效實施(shi)防(fang)爆技術(shu)并不一(yi)定發(fa)生爆炸(zha)(zha)事故。危險性小的企業(ye)(ye)也有(you)因(yin)疏(shu)于管理、防(fang)爆措施(shi)不落實而(er)導致(zhi)爆炸(zha)(zha)事故的教訓。

4．防爆要求差異大

工(gong)藝不同(tong)，防爆特(te)點(dian)和要求亦異(yi)。即使對一個企業，甚(shen)至(zhi)同(tong)工(gong)藝、同(tong)工(gong)段因設備(bei)、管理、人員不同(tong)，控制重點(dian)也(ye)有差異(yi)。

掌(zhang)握輕工行業防爆特點對提高(gao)防爆有效(xiao)性、經濟(ji)性是有著重要意義(yi)的(de)。